JAVA序列化--Protobuf_protoc java-程序员宅基地

技术标签: java  分布式  开发语言  

目录

前言

一、Protobuf入门

Protobuf的优势

Protobuf 编译器

安装使用Protobuf

编写.proto文件 

编译proto文件

总结


前言

Protocol Buffers(简称protobuf)是一种轻便高效的数据序列化格式,可用于结构化数据的序列化和反序列化。它由Google开发并开源,用于解决数据交换和存储的通用问题。protobuf和json、xml如出一辙,之所以要学习protobuf是因为这种序列化方式得到的数据体积是很小的,这就导致了它在网络传输性能以及存储方面的优势;因为体积小,让protobuf序列化的数据传输性能高,磁盘占用率也低;所以protobuf序列化的场景一般出现在高性能业务中,基本上是通过tcp+protobuf的通信方式取代http+json。


一、Protobuf入门

Protobuf是Protocol Buffers的简称,它是Google公司开发的⼀种数据描述语⾔,并于2008年对外开 源。Protobuf刚开源时的定位类似于XML、JSON等数据描述语⾔,通过附带⼯具⽣成代码并实现将结 构化数据序列化的功能。但是我们更关注的是Protobuf作为接⼝规范的描述语⾔,可以作为设计安全的 跨语⾔PRC接⼝的基础⼯具。

Protobuf的优势

  • 编解码效率
  • 高压缩比
  • 多语言支持

Protobuf 编译器

Protobuf的编译器叫做:protoc(protobuf compiler)

我们在写protobuf之前需要先安装protoc这个工具,这个工具的作用就是将我们编写的.proto文件转换成目标语言对应的代码;比如我们现在是java语言,那么我们就要使用protoc这个工具把我们编写的.proto文件转成我们需要的java类文件;同样的,如果需要转成go语言、python语言同样也需要借助protoc这个编译工具;

java栗子:

./protoc --java_out=./  DmpDataProto.proto 

安装使用Protobuf

我们可以点击protoc工具下载链接,目前的最新版本是v25.1

找到protoc工具,根据自己的操作系统选择合适的安装包,我的操作系统是macos,那么我就选择protoc-25.0-rc-1-osx-x86_64.zip。解压文件后,进入bin目录查看protoc的版本。

yangyanpingdeMacBook-Air:bin yangyanping$ ./protoc --version
libprotoc 25.0-rc1

编写.proto文件 

我们先来编写一个User.proto文件作为示例,我们的目标语言是java

syntax = "proto3";

// 是否生成多个java文件
option java_multiple_files = false;
// 指定生成的java文件的包名
option java_package = "com.yyp.test.proto";
// 指定生成java文件类名
option java_outer_classname = "UserProto";
// 是否生成equals和hash方法
option java_generate_equals_and_hash = true;
// 生成的java文件编码格式
option java_string_check_utf8 = true;
// protocol buffer编译器是否应该 基于服务定义 产生 抽象服务代码
option java_generic_services = false;

message User {
  int32 id = 1;
  string name = 2;
  string email = 3;

  enum PhoneType{
    MOBILE = 0;
    HOME = 1;
    WORK = 2;
  }

  message PhoneNumber{
    PhoneType type = 1;
    string number = 2;
  }

  repeated PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;
}

来简单解释一下User.proto的内容,该文件将会生成一个UserProto.java文件,不过在该UserProto.java文件中才会生成User内部类等;

在message User中,有4个属性,分别是id、name、email、phoneNumber,每个属性都需要一个唯一编号,范围从【1~536,870,911】,但是【19000~19999】号段是保留编号,保留编号是不能被使用的;

每个属性都有一个对应的数据类型,int32对应java中的int类型,string对应的String类型;repeated修饰符代表该数据类型可以重复,repeated PhoneNumber phoneNumber翻译成java语言如下:

List<PhoneNumber> phoneNumber;

编译proto文件

我们接下来需要通过protoc工具来编译.proto文件,把.proto文件编译成我们需要的目标语言对应的文件,当前pwd位置处于User.proto文件同一层:

/Users/yangyanping/Downloads/protoc-25.0-rc-1-osx-x86_64/bin
./protoc --java_out=./  User.proto 

上面的命令中,--java_out表示生成的结果放在哪个文件夹中,.代表当前文件夹; 

生产的java 类UserProto 源代码

// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
// source: User.proto

// Protobuf Java Version: 3.25.0-rc1
package com.yyp.test.proto;

public final class UserProto {
  private UserProto() {}
  public static void registerAllExtensions(
      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {
  }

  public static void registerAllExtensions(
      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry) {
    registerAllExtensions(
        (com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite) registry);
  }
  public interface UserOrBuilder extends
      // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:User)
      com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {

    /**
     * <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
     * @return The id.
     */
    int getId();

    /**
     * <code>string name = 2;</code>
     * @return The name.
     */
    java.lang.String getName();
    /**
     * <code>string name = 2;</code>
     * @return The bytes for name.
     */
    com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getNameBytes();

    /**
     * <code>string email = 3;</code>
     * @return The email.
     */
    java.lang.String getEmail();
    /**
     * <code>string email = 3;</code>
     * @return The bytes for email.
     */
    com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getEmailBytes();

    /**
     * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
     */
    java.util.List<com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber> 
        getPhoneNumberList();
    /**
     * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
     */
    com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber getPhoneNumber(int index);
    /**
     * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
     */
    int getPhoneNumberCount();
    /**
     * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
     */
    java.util.List<? extends com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder> 
        getPhoneNumberOrBuilderList();
    /**
     * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
     */
    com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder getPhoneNumberOrBuilder(
        int index);
  }
  /**
   * Protobuf type {@code User}
   */
  public static final class User extends
      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
      // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:User)
      UserOrBuilder {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
    // Use User.newBuilder() to construct.
    private User(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
      super(builder);
    }
    private User() {
      name_ = "";
      email_ = "";
      phoneNumber_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
    protected java.lang.Object newInstance(
        UnusedPrivateParameter unused) {
      return new User();
    }

    public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
        getDescriptor() {
      return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_descriptor;
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
        internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
      return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_fieldAccessorTable
          .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
              com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.class, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.Builder.class);
    }

    /**
     * Protobuf enum {@code User.PhoneType}
     */
    public enum PhoneType
        implements com.google.protobuf.ProtocolMessageEnum {
      /**
       * <code>MOBILE = 0;</code>
       */
      MOBILE(0),
      /**
       * <code>HOME = 1;</code>
       */
      HOME(1),
      /**
       * <code>WORK = 2;</code>
       */
      WORK(2),
      UNRECOGNIZED(-1),
      ;

      /**
       * <code>MOBILE = 0;</code>
       */
      public static final int MOBILE_VALUE = 0;
      /**
       * <code>HOME = 1;</code>
       */
      public static final int HOME_VALUE = 1;
      /**
       * <code>WORK = 2;</code>
       */
      public static final int WORK_VALUE = 2;


      public final int getNumber() {
        if (this == UNRECOGNIZED) {
          throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(
              "Can't get the number of an unknown enum value.");
        }
        return value;
      }

      /**
       * @param value The numeric wire value of the corresponding enum entry.
       * @return The enum associated with the given numeric wire value.
       * @deprecated Use {@link #forNumber(int)} instead.
       */
      @java.lang.Deprecated
      public static PhoneType valueOf(int value) {
        return forNumber(value);
      }

      /**
       * @param value The numeric wire value of the corresponding enum entry.
       * @return The enum associated with the given numeric wire value.
       */
      public static PhoneType forNumber(int value) {
        switch (value) {
          case 0: return MOBILE;
          case 1: return HOME;
          case 2: return WORK;
          default: return null;
        }
      }

      public static com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLiteMap<PhoneType>
          internalGetValueMap() {
        return internalValueMap;
      }
      private static final com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLiteMap<
          PhoneType> internalValueMap =
            new com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLiteMap<PhoneType>() {
              public PhoneType findValueByNumber(int number) {
                return PhoneType.forNumber(number);
              }
            };

      public final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor
          getValueDescriptor() {
        if (this == UNRECOGNIZED) {
          throw new java.lang.IllegalStateException(
              "Can't get the descriptor of an unrecognized enum value.");
        }
        return getDescriptor().getValues().get(ordinal());
      }
      public final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor
          getDescriptorForType() {
        return getDescriptor();
      }
      public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor
          getDescriptor() {
        return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.getDescriptor().getEnumTypes().get(0);
      }

      private static final PhoneType[] VALUES = values();

      public static PhoneType valueOf(
          com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor desc) {
        if (desc.getType() != getDescriptor()) {
          throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(
            "EnumValueDescriptor is not for this type.");
        }
        if (desc.getIndex() == -1) {
          return UNRECOGNIZED;
        }
        return VALUES[desc.getIndex()];
      }

      private final int value;

      private PhoneType(int value) {
        this.value = value;
      }

      // @@protoc_insertion_point(enum_scope:User.PhoneType)
    }

    public interface PhoneNumberOrBuilder extends
        // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:User.PhoneNumber)
        com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {

      /**
       * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
       * @return The enum numeric value on the wire for type.
       */
      int getTypeValue();
      /**
       * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
       * @return The type.
       */
      com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType getType();

      /**
       * <code>string number = 2;</code>
       * @return The number.
       */
      java.lang.String getNumber();
      /**
       * <code>string number = 2;</code>
       * @return The bytes for number.
       */
      com.google.protobuf.ByteString
          getNumberBytes();
    }
    /**
     * Protobuf type {@code User.PhoneNumber}
     */
    public static final class PhoneNumber extends
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
        // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:User.PhoneNumber)
        PhoneNumberOrBuilder {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
      // Use PhoneNumber.newBuilder() to construct.
      private PhoneNumber(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
        super(builder);
      }
      private PhoneNumber() {
        type_ = 0;
        number_ = "";
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      @SuppressWarnings({"unused"})
      protected java.lang.Object newInstance(
          UnusedPrivateParameter unused) {
        return new PhoneNumber();
      }

      public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
          getDescriptor() {
        return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_descriptor;
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
          internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
        return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_fieldAccessorTable
            .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
                com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.class, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder.class);
      }

      public static final int TYPE_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
      private int type_ = 0;
      /**
       * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
       * @return The enum numeric value on the wire for type.
       */
      @java.lang.Override public int getTypeValue() {
        return type_;
      }
      /**
       * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
       * @return The type.
       */
      @java.lang.Override public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType getType() {
        com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType result = com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType.forNumber(type_);
        return result == null ? com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType.UNRECOGNIZED : result;
      }

      public static final int NUMBER_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
      @SuppressWarnings("serial")
      private volatile java.lang.Object number_ = "";
      /**
       * <code>string number = 2;</code>
       * @return The number.
       */
      @java.lang.Override
      public java.lang.String getNumber() {
        java.lang.Object ref = number_;
        if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
          return (java.lang.String) ref;
        } else {
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = 
              (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
          java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
          number_ = s;
          return s;
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>string number = 2;</code>
       * @return The bytes for number.
       */
      @java.lang.Override
      public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
          getNumberBytes() {
        java.lang.Object ref = number_;
        if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                  (java.lang.String) ref);
          number_ = b;
          return b;
        } else {
          return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
        }
      }

      private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
      @java.lang.Override
      public final boolean isInitialized() {
        byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
        if (isInitialized == 1) return true;
        if (isInitialized == 0) return false;

        memoizedIsInitialized = 1;
        return true;
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)
                          throws java.io.IOException {
        if (type_ != com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType.MOBILE.getNumber()) {
          output.writeEnum(1, type_);
        }
        if (!com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.isStringEmpty(number_)) {
          com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.writeString(output, 2, number_);
        }
        getUnknownFields().writeTo(output);
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public int getSerializedSize() {
        int size = memoizedSize;
        if (size != -1) return size;

        size = 0;
        if (type_ != com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType.MOBILE.getNumber()) {
          size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
            .computeEnumSize(1, type_);
        }
        if (!com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.isStringEmpty(number_)) {
          size += com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.computeStringSize(2, number_);
        }
        size += getUnknownFields().getSerializedSize();
        memoizedSize = size;
        return size;
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object obj) {
        if (obj == this) {
         return true;
        }
        if (!(obj instanceof com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber)) {
          return super.equals(obj);
        }
        com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber other = (com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber) obj;

        if (type_ != other.type_) return false;
        if (!getNumber()
            .equals(other.getNumber())) return false;
        if (!getUnknownFields().equals(other.getUnknownFields())) return false;
        return true;
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public int hashCode() {
        if (memoizedHashCode != 0) {
          return memoizedHashCode;
        }
        int hash = 41;
        hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptor().hashCode();
        hash = (37 * hash) + TYPE_FIELD_NUMBER;
        hash = (53 * hash) + type_;
        hash = (37 * hash) + NUMBER_FIELD_NUMBER;
        hash = (53 * hash) + getNumber().hashCode();
        hash = (29 * hash) + getUnknownFields().hashCode();
        memoizedHashCode = hash;
        return hash;
      }

      public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(
          java.nio.ByteBuffer data)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
      }
      public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(
          java.nio.ByteBuffer data,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
      }
      public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
      }
      public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
      }
      public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(byte[] data)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
      }
      public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(
          byte[] data,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
      }
      public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
          throws java.io.IOException {
        return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
            .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
      }
      public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(
          java.io.InputStream input,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws java.io.IOException {
        return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
            .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
      }

      public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
          throws java.io.IOException {
        return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
            .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
      }

      public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseDelimitedFrom(
          java.io.InputStream input,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws java.io.IOException {
        return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
            .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
      }
      public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(
          com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
          throws java.io.IOException {
        return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
            .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
      }
      public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber parseFrom(
          com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws java.io.IOException {
        return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
            .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }
      public static Builder newBuilder() {
        return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder();
      }
      public static Builder newBuilder(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber prototype) {
        return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
      }
      @java.lang.Override
      public Builder toBuilder() {
        return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE
            ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      protected Builder newBuilderForType(
          com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
        Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
        return builder;
      }
      /**
       * Protobuf type {@code User.PhoneNumber}
       */
      public static final class Builder extends
          com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<Builder> implements
          // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:User.PhoneNumber)
          com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder {
        public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
            getDescriptor() {
          return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_descriptor;
        }

        @java.lang.Override
        protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
            internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
          return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_fieldAccessorTable
              .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
                  com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.class, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder.class);
        }

        // Construct using com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.newBuilder()
        private Builder() {

        }

        private Builder(
            com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
          super(parent);

        }
        @java.lang.Override
        public Builder clear() {
          super.clear();
          bitField0_ = 0;
          type_ = 0;
          number_ = "";
          return this;
        }

        @java.lang.Override
        public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
            getDescriptorForType() {
          return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_descriptor;
        }

        @java.lang.Override
        public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber getDefaultInstanceForType() {
          return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.getDefaultInstance();
        }

        @java.lang.Override
        public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber build() {
          com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber result = buildPartial();
          if (!result.isInitialized()) {
            throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);
          }
          return result;
        }

        @java.lang.Override
        public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber buildPartial() {
          com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber result = new com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber(this);
          if (bitField0_ != 0) { buildPartial0(result); }
          onBuilt();
          return result;
        }

        private void buildPartial0(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber result) {
          int from_bitField0_ = bitField0_;
          if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
            result.type_ = type_;
          }
          if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0)) {
            result.number_ = number_;
          }
        }

        @java.lang.Override
        public Builder clone() {
          return super.clone();
        }
        @java.lang.Override
        public Builder setField(
            com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
            java.lang.Object value) {
          return super.setField(field, value);
        }
        @java.lang.Override
        public Builder clearField(
            com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
          return super.clearField(field);
        }
        @java.lang.Override
        public Builder clearOneof(
            com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
          return super.clearOneof(oneof);
        }
        @java.lang.Override
        public Builder setRepeatedField(
            com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
            int index, java.lang.Object value) {
          return super.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
        }
        @java.lang.Override
        public Builder addRepeatedField(
            com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
            java.lang.Object value) {
          return super.addRepeatedField(field, value);
        }
        @java.lang.Override
        public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
          if (other instanceof com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber) {
            return mergeFrom((com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber)other);
          } else {
            super.mergeFrom(other);
            return this;
          }
        }

        public Builder mergeFrom(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber other) {
          if (other == com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.getDefaultInstance()) return this;
          if (other.type_ != 0) {
            setTypeValue(other.getTypeValue());
          }
          if (!other.getNumber().isEmpty()) {
            number_ = other.number_;
            bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
            onChanged();
          }
          this.mergeUnknownFields(other.getUnknownFields());
          onChanged();
          return this;
        }

        @java.lang.Override
        public final boolean isInitialized() {
          return true;
        }

        @java.lang.Override
        public Builder mergeFrom(
            com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
            com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
            throws java.io.IOException {
          if (extensionRegistry == null) {
            throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
          }
          try {
            boolean done = false;
            while (!done) {
              int tag = input.readTag();
              switch (tag) {
                case 0:
                  done = true;
                  break;
                case 8: {
                  type_ = input.readEnum();
                  bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
                  break;
                } // case 8
                case 18: {
                  number_ = input.readStringRequireUtf8();
                  bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
                  break;
                } // case 18
                default: {
                  if (!super.parseUnknownField(input, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
                    done = true; // was an endgroup tag
                  }
                  break;
                } // default:
              } // switch (tag)
            } // while (!done)
          } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
            throw e.unwrapIOException();
          } finally {
            onChanged();
          } // finally
          return this;
        }
        private int bitField0_;

        private int type_ = 0;
        /**
         * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
         * @return The enum numeric value on the wire for type.
         */
        @java.lang.Override public int getTypeValue() {
          return type_;
        }
        /**
         * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
         * @param value The enum numeric value on the wire for type to set.
         * @return This builder for chaining.
         */
        public Builder setTypeValue(int value) {
          type_ = value;
          bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
          onChanged();
          return this;
        }
        /**
         * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
         * @return The type.
         */
        @java.lang.Override
        public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType getType() {
          com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType result = com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType.forNumber(type_);
          return result == null ? com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType.UNRECOGNIZED : result;
        }
        /**
         * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
         * @param value The type to set.
         * @return This builder for chaining.
         */
        public Builder setType(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneType value) {
          if (value == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
          }
          bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
          type_ = value.getNumber();
          onChanged();
          return this;
        }
        /**
         * <code>.User.PhoneType type = 1;</code>
         * @return This builder for chaining.
         */
        public Builder clearType() {
          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
          type_ = 0;
          onChanged();
          return this;
        }

        private java.lang.Object number_ = "";
        /**
         * <code>string number = 2;</code>
         * @return The number.
         */
        public java.lang.String getNumber() {
          java.lang.Object ref = number_;
          if (!(ref instanceof java.lang.String)) {
            com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
                (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
            java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
            number_ = s;
            return s;
          } else {
            return (java.lang.String) ref;
          }
        }
        /**
         * <code>string number = 2;</code>
         * @return The bytes for number.
         */
        public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
            getNumberBytes() {
          java.lang.Object ref = number_;
          if (ref instanceof String) {
            com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
                com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                    (java.lang.String) ref);
            number_ = b;
            return b;
          } else {
            return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
          }
        }
        /**
         * <code>string number = 2;</code>
         * @param value The number to set.
         * @return This builder for chaining.
         */
        public Builder setNumber(
            java.lang.String value) {
          if (value == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); }
          number_ = value;
          bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
          onChanged();
          return this;
        }
        /**
         * <code>string number = 2;</code>
         * @return This builder for chaining.
         */
        public Builder clearNumber() {
          number_ = getDefaultInstance().getNumber();
          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
          onChanged();
          return this;
        }
        /**
         * <code>string number = 2;</code>
         * @param value The bytes for number to set.
         * @return This builder for chaining.
         */
        public Builder setNumberBytes(
            com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
          if (value == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); }
          checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);
          number_ = value;
          bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
          onChanged();
          return this;
        }
        @java.lang.Override
        public final Builder setUnknownFields(
            final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
          return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
        }

        @java.lang.Override
        public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
            final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
          return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
        }


        // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:User.PhoneNumber)
      }

      // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:User.PhoneNumber)
      private static final com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
      static {
        DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber();
      }

      public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber getDefaultInstance() {
        return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
      }

      private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<PhoneNumber>
          PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<PhoneNumber>() {
        @java.lang.Override
        public PhoneNumber parsePartialFrom(
            com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
            com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
            throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
          Builder builder = newBuilder();
          try {
            builder.mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
          } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
            throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
          } catch (com.google.protobuf.UninitializedMessageException e) {
            throw e.asInvalidProtocolBufferException().setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
          } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
            throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(e)
                .setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
          }
          return builder.buildPartial();
        }
      };

      public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<PhoneNumber> parser() {
        return PARSER;
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public com.google.protobuf.Parser<PhoneNumber> getParserForType() {
        return PARSER;
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber getDefaultInstanceForType() {
        return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
      }

    }

    public static final int ID_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
    private int id_ = 0;
    /**
     * <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
     * @return The id.
     */
    @java.lang.Override
    public int getId() {
      return id_;
    }

    public static final int NAME_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
    private volatile java.lang.Object name_ = "";
    /**
     * <code>string name = 2;</code>
     * @return The name.
     */
    @java.lang.Override
    public java.lang.String getName() {
      java.lang.Object ref = name_;
      if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
        return (java.lang.String) ref;
      } else {
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = 
            (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
        java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
        name_ = s;
        return s;
      }
    }
    /**
     * <code>string name = 2;</code>
     * @return The bytes for name.
     */
    @java.lang.Override
    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getNameBytes() {
      java.lang.Object ref = name_;
      if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
            com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                (java.lang.String) ref);
        name_ = b;
        return b;
      } else {
        return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
      }
    }

    public static final int EMAIL_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
    private volatile java.lang.Object email_ = "";
    /**
     * <code>string email = 3;</code>
     * @return The email.
     */
    @java.lang.Override
    public java.lang.String getEmail() {
      java.lang.Object ref = email_;
      if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
        return (java.lang.String) ref;
      } else {
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = 
            (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
        java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
        email_ = s;
        return s;
      }
    }
    /**
     * <code>string email = 3;</code>
     * @return The bytes for email.
     */
    @java.lang.Override
    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getEmailBytes() {
      java.lang.Object ref = email_;
      if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
            com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                (java.lang.String) ref);
        email_ = b;
        return b;
      } else {
        return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
      }
    }

    public static final int PHONENUMBER_FIELD_NUMBER = 4;
    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
    private java.util.List<com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber> phoneNumber_;
    /**
     * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
     */
    @java.lang.Override
    public java.util.List<com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber> getPhoneNumberList() {
      return phoneNumber_;
    }
    /**
     * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
     */
    @java.lang.Override
    public java.util.List<? extends com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder> 
        getPhoneNumberOrBuilderList() {
      return phoneNumber_;
    }
    /**
     * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
     */
    @java.lang.Override
    public int getPhoneNumberCount() {
      return phoneNumber_.size();
    }
    /**
     * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
     */
    @java.lang.Override
    public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber getPhoneNumber(int index) {
      return phoneNumber_.get(index);
    }
    /**
     * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
     */
    @java.lang.Override
    public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder getPhoneNumberOrBuilder(
        int index) {
      return phoneNumber_.get(index);
    }

    private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
    @java.lang.Override
    public final boolean isInitialized() {
      byte isInitialized = memoizedIsInitialized;
      if (isInitialized == 1) return true;
      if (isInitialized == 0) return false;

      memoizedIsInitialized = 1;
      return true;
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    public void writeTo(com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream output)
                        throws java.io.IOException {
      if (id_ != 0) {
        output.writeInt32(1, id_);
      }
      if (!com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.isStringEmpty(name_)) {
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.writeString(output, 2, name_);
      }
      if (!com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.isStringEmpty(email_)) {
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.writeString(output, 3, email_);
      }
      for (int i = 0; i < phoneNumber_.size(); i++) {
        output.writeMessage(4, phoneNumber_.get(i));
      }
      getUnknownFields().writeTo(output);
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    public int getSerializedSize() {
      int size = memoizedSize;
      if (size != -1) return size;

      size = 0;
      if (id_ != 0) {
        size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
          .computeInt32Size(1, id_);
      }
      if (!com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.isStringEmpty(name_)) {
        size += com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.computeStringSize(2, name_);
      }
      if (!com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.isStringEmpty(email_)) {
        size += com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.computeStringSize(3, email_);
      }
      for (int i = 0; i < phoneNumber_.size(); i++) {
        size += com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream
          .computeMessageSize(4, phoneNumber_.get(i));
      }
      size += getUnknownFields().getSerializedSize();
      memoizedSize = size;
      return size;
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    public boolean equals(final java.lang.Object obj) {
      if (obj == this) {
       return true;
      }
      if (!(obj instanceof com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User)) {
        return super.equals(obj);
      }
      com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User other = (com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User) obj;

      if (getId()
          != other.getId()) return false;
      if (!getName()
          .equals(other.getName())) return false;
      if (!getEmail()
          .equals(other.getEmail())) return false;
      if (!getPhoneNumberList()
          .equals(other.getPhoneNumberList())) return false;
      if (!getUnknownFields().equals(other.getUnknownFields())) return false;
      return true;
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    public int hashCode() {
      if (memoizedHashCode != 0) {
        return memoizedHashCode;
      }
      int hash = 41;
      hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptor().hashCode();
      hash = (37 * hash) + ID_FIELD_NUMBER;
      hash = (53 * hash) + getId();
      hash = (37 * hash) + NAME_FIELD_NUMBER;
      hash = (53 * hash) + getName().hashCode();
      hash = (37 * hash) + EMAIL_FIELD_NUMBER;
      hash = (53 * hash) + getEmail().hashCode();
      if (getPhoneNumberCount() > 0) {
        hash = (37 * hash) + PHONENUMBER_FIELD_NUMBER;
        hash = (53 * hash) + getPhoneNumberList().hashCode();
      }
      hash = (29 * hash) + getUnknownFields().hashCode();
      memoizedHashCode = hash;
      return hash;
    }

    public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(
        java.nio.ByteBuffer data)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
    }
    public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(
        java.nio.ByteBuffer data,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
    }
    public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(byte[] data)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
    }
    public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(
        byte[] data,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
    }
    public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(
        java.io.InputStream input,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
    }

    public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
    }

    public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseDelimitedFrom(
        java.io.InputStream input,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
    }
    public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
    }
    public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws java.io.IOException {
      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
          .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }
    public static Builder newBuilder() {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder();
    }
    public static Builder newBuilder(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User prototype) {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
    }
    @java.lang.Override
    public Builder toBuilder() {
      return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE
          ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    protected Builder newBuilderForType(
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
      Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
      return builder;
    }
    /**
     * Protobuf type {@code User}
     */
    public static final class Builder extends
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<Builder> implements
        // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:User)
        com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.UserOrBuilder {
      public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
          getDescriptor() {
        return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_descriptor;
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      protected com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
          internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
        return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_fieldAccessorTable
            .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
                com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.class, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.Builder.class);
      }

      // Construct using com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.newBuilder()
      private Builder() {

      }

      private Builder(
          com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.BuilderParent parent) {
        super(parent);

      }
      @java.lang.Override
      public Builder clear() {
        super.clear();
        bitField0_ = 0;
        id_ = 0;
        name_ = "";
        email_ = "";
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          phoneNumber_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
        } else {
          phoneNumber_ = null;
          phoneNumberBuilder_.clear();
        }
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
        return this;
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
          getDescriptorForType() {
        return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.internal_static_User_descriptor;
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User getDefaultInstanceForType() {
        return com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.getDefaultInstance();
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User build() {
        com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User result = buildPartial();
        if (!result.isInitialized()) {
          throw newUninitializedMessageException(result);
        }
        return result;
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User buildPartial() {
        com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User result = new com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User(this);
        buildPartialRepeatedFields(result);
        if (bitField0_ != 0) { buildPartial0(result); }
        onBuilt();
        return result;
      }

      private void buildPartialRepeatedFields(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User result) {
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          if (((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0)) {
            phoneNumber_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(phoneNumber_);
            bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
          }
          result.phoneNumber_ = phoneNumber_;
        } else {
          result.phoneNumber_ = phoneNumberBuilder_.build();
        }
      }

      private void buildPartial0(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User result) {
        int from_bitField0_ = bitField0_;
        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0)) {
          result.id_ = id_;
        }
        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0)) {
          result.name_ = name_;
        }
        if (((from_bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0)) {
          result.email_ = email_;
        }
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public Builder clone() {
        return super.clone();
      }
      @java.lang.Override
      public Builder setField(
          com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
          java.lang.Object value) {
        return super.setField(field, value);
      }
      @java.lang.Override
      public Builder clearField(
          com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field) {
        return super.clearField(field);
      }
      @java.lang.Override
      public Builder clearOneof(
          com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.OneofDescriptor oneof) {
        return super.clearOneof(oneof);
      }
      @java.lang.Override
      public Builder setRepeatedField(
          com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
          int index, java.lang.Object value) {
        return super.setRepeatedField(field, index, value);
      }
      @java.lang.Override
      public Builder addRepeatedField(
          com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FieldDescriptor field,
          java.lang.Object value) {
        return super.addRepeatedField(field, value);
      }
      @java.lang.Override
      public Builder mergeFrom(com.google.protobuf.Message other) {
        if (other instanceof com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User) {
          return mergeFrom((com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User)other);
        } else {
          super.mergeFrom(other);
          return this;
        }
      }

      public Builder mergeFrom(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User other) {
        if (other == com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.getDefaultInstance()) return this;
        if (other.getId() != 0) {
          setId(other.getId());
        }
        if (!other.getName().isEmpty()) {
          name_ = other.name_;
          bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
          onChanged();
        }
        if (!other.getEmail().isEmpty()) {
          email_ = other.email_;
          bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
          onChanged();
        }
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          if (!other.phoneNumber_.isEmpty()) {
            if (phoneNumber_.isEmpty()) {
              phoneNumber_ = other.phoneNumber_;
              bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
            } else {
              ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
              phoneNumber_.addAll(other.phoneNumber_);
            }
            onChanged();
          }
        } else {
          if (!other.phoneNumber_.isEmpty()) {
            if (phoneNumberBuilder_.isEmpty()) {
              phoneNumberBuilder_.dispose();
              phoneNumberBuilder_ = null;
              phoneNumber_ = other.phoneNumber_;
              bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
              phoneNumberBuilder_ = 
                com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.alwaysUseFieldBuilders ?
                   getPhoneNumberFieldBuilder() : null;
            } else {
              phoneNumberBuilder_.addAllMessages(other.phoneNumber_);
            }
          }
        }
        this.mergeUnknownFields(other.getUnknownFields());
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public final boolean isInitialized() {
        return true;
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public Builder mergeFrom(
          com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws java.io.IOException {
        if (extensionRegistry == null) {
          throw new java.lang.NullPointerException();
        }
        try {
          boolean done = false;
          while (!done) {
            int tag = input.readTag();
            switch (tag) {
              case 0:
                done = true;
                break;
              case 8: {
                id_ = input.readInt32();
                bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
                break;
              } // case 8
              case 18: {
                name_ = input.readStringRequireUtf8();
                bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
                break;
              } // case 18
              case 26: {
                email_ = input.readStringRequireUtf8();
                bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
                break;
              } // case 26
              case 34: {
                com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber m =
                    input.readMessage(
                        com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.parser(),
                        extensionRegistry);
                if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
                  ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
                  phoneNumber_.add(m);
                } else {
                  phoneNumberBuilder_.addMessage(m);
                }
                break;
              } // case 34
              default: {
                if (!super.parseUnknownField(input, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
                  done = true; // was an endgroup tag
                }
                break;
              } // default:
            } // switch (tag)
          } // while (!done)
        } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
          throw e.unwrapIOException();
        } finally {
          onChanged();
        } // finally
        return this;
      }
      private int bitField0_;

      private int id_ ;
      /**
       * <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
       * @return The id.
       */
      @java.lang.Override
      public int getId() {
        return id_;
      }
      /**
       * <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
       * @param value The id to set.
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder setId(int value) {

        id_ = value;
        bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>int32 id = 1;</code>
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder clearId() {
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
        id_ = 0;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }

      private java.lang.Object name_ = "";
      /**
       * <code>string name = 2;</code>
       * @return The name.
       */
      public java.lang.String getName() {
        java.lang.Object ref = name_;
        if (!(ref instanceof java.lang.String)) {
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
              (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
          java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
          name_ = s;
          return s;
        } else {
          return (java.lang.String) ref;
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>string name = 2;</code>
       * @return The bytes for name.
       */
      public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
          getNameBytes() {
        java.lang.Object ref = name_;
        if (ref instanceof String) {
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                  (java.lang.String) ref);
          name_ = b;
          return b;
        } else {
          return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>string name = 2;</code>
       * @param value The name to set.
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder setName(
          java.lang.String value) {
        if (value == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); }
        name_ = value;
        bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>string name = 2;</code>
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder clearName() {
        name_ = getDefaultInstance().getName();
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>string name = 2;</code>
       * @param value The bytes for name to set.
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder setNameBytes(
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
        if (value == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); }
        checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);
        name_ = value;
        bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }

      private java.lang.Object email_ = "";
      /**
       * <code>string email = 3;</code>
       * @return The email.
       */
      public java.lang.String getEmail() {
        java.lang.Object ref = email_;
        if (!(ref instanceof java.lang.String)) {
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
              (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
          java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
          email_ = s;
          return s;
        } else {
          return (java.lang.String) ref;
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>string email = 3;</code>
       * @return The bytes for email.
       */
      public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
          getEmailBytes() {
        java.lang.Object ref = email_;
        if (ref instanceof String) {
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                  (java.lang.String) ref);
          email_ = b;
          return b;
        } else {
          return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>string email = 3;</code>
       * @param value The email to set.
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder setEmail(
          java.lang.String value) {
        if (value == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); }
        email_ = value;
        bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>string email = 3;</code>
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder clearEmail() {
        email_ = getDefaultInstance().getEmail();
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>string email = 3;</code>
       * @param value The bytes for email to set.
       * @return This builder for chaining.
       */
      public Builder setEmailBytes(
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
        if (value == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); }
        checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);
        email_ = value;
        bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }

      private java.util.List<com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber> phoneNumber_ =
        java.util.Collections.emptyList();
      private void ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable() {
        if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0)) {
          phoneNumber_ = new java.util.ArrayList<com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber>(phoneNumber_);
          bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
         }
      }

      private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<
          com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder> phoneNumberBuilder_;

      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public java.util.List<com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber> getPhoneNumberList() {
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(phoneNumber_);
        } else {
          return phoneNumberBuilder_.getMessageList();
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public int getPhoneNumberCount() {
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          return phoneNumber_.size();
        } else {
          return phoneNumberBuilder_.getCount();
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber getPhoneNumber(int index) {
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          return phoneNumber_.get(index);
        } else {
          return phoneNumberBuilder_.getMessage(index);
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder setPhoneNumber(
          int index, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber value) {
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          if (value == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
          }
          ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
          phoneNumber_.set(index, value);
          onChanged();
        } else {
          phoneNumberBuilder_.setMessage(index, value);
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder setPhoneNumber(
          int index, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder builderForValue) {
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
          phoneNumber_.set(index, builderForValue.build());
          onChanged();
        } else {
          phoneNumberBuilder_.setMessage(index, builderForValue.build());
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder addPhoneNumber(com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber value) {
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          if (value == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
          }
          ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
          phoneNumber_.add(value);
          onChanged();
        } else {
          phoneNumberBuilder_.addMessage(value);
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder addPhoneNumber(
          int index, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber value) {
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          if (value == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
          }
          ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
          phoneNumber_.add(index, value);
          onChanged();
        } else {
          phoneNumberBuilder_.addMessage(index, value);
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder addPhoneNumber(
          com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder builderForValue) {
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
          phoneNumber_.add(builderForValue.build());
          onChanged();
        } else {
          phoneNumberBuilder_.addMessage(builderForValue.build());
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder addPhoneNumber(
          int index, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder builderForValue) {
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
          phoneNumber_.add(index, builderForValue.build());
          onChanged();
        } else {
          phoneNumberBuilder_.addMessage(index, builderForValue.build());
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder addAllPhoneNumber(
          java.lang.Iterable<? extends com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber> values) {
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
          com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder.addAll(
              values, phoneNumber_);
          onChanged();
        } else {
          phoneNumberBuilder_.addAllMessages(values);
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder clearPhoneNumber() {
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          phoneNumber_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
          onChanged();
        } else {
          phoneNumberBuilder_.clear();
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder removePhoneNumber(int index) {
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          ensurePhoneNumberIsMutable();
          phoneNumber_.remove(index);
          onChanged();
        } else {
          phoneNumberBuilder_.remove(index);
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder getPhoneNumberBuilder(
          int index) {
        return getPhoneNumberFieldBuilder().getBuilder(index);
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder getPhoneNumberOrBuilder(
          int index) {
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          return phoneNumber_.get(index);  } else {
          return phoneNumberBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder(index);
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public java.util.List<? extends com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder> 
           getPhoneNumberOrBuilderList() {
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ != null) {
          return phoneNumberBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilderList();
        } else {
          return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(phoneNumber_);
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder addPhoneNumberBuilder() {
        return getPhoneNumberFieldBuilder().addBuilder(
            com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.getDefaultInstance());
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder addPhoneNumberBuilder(
          int index) {
        return getPhoneNumberFieldBuilder().addBuilder(
            index, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.getDefaultInstance());
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .User.PhoneNumber phoneNumber = 4;</code>
       */
      public java.util.List<com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder> 
           getPhoneNumberBuilderList() {
        return getPhoneNumberFieldBuilder().getBuilderList();
      }
      private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<
          com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder> 
          getPhoneNumberFieldBuilder() {
        if (phoneNumberBuilder_ == null) {
          phoneNumberBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<
              com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumber.Builder, com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User.PhoneNumberOrBuilder>(
                  phoneNumber_,
                  ((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0),
                  getParentForChildren(),
                  isClean());
          phoneNumber_ = null;
        }
        return phoneNumberBuilder_;
      }
      @java.lang.Override
      public final Builder setUnknownFields(
          final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
        return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
      }

      @java.lang.Override
      public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
          final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
        return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
      }


      // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:User)
    }

    // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:User)
    private static final com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    static {
      DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User();
    }

    public static com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User getDefaultInstance() {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    }

    private static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<User>
        PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<User>() {
      @java.lang.Override
      public User parsePartialFrom(
          com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        Builder builder = newBuilder();
        try {
          builder.mergeFrom(input, extensionRegistry);
        } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
          throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
        } catch (com.google.protobuf.UninitializedMessageException e) {
          throw e.asInvalidProtocolBufferException().setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
        } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
          throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(e)
              .setUnfinishedMessage(builder.buildPartial());
        }
        return builder.buildPartial();
      }
    };

    public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<User> parser() {
      return PARSER;
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    public com.google.protobuf.Parser<User> getParserForType() {
      return PARSER;
    }

    @java.lang.Override
    public com.yyp.test.proto.UserProto.User getDefaultInstanceForType() {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    }

  }

  private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
    internal_static_User_descriptor;
  private static final 
    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
      internal_static_User_fieldAccessorTable;
  private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
    internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_descriptor;
  private static final 
    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
      internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_fieldAccessorTable;

  public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      getDescriptor() {
    return descriptor;
  }
  private static  com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      descriptor;
  static {
    java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {
      "\n\nUser.proto\"\302\001\n\004User\022\n\n\002id\030\001 \001(\005\022\014\n\004nam" +
      "e\030\002 \001(\t\022\r\n\005email\030\003 \001(\t\022&\n\013phoneNumber\030\004 " +
      "\003(\0132\021.User.PhoneNumber\032<\n\013PhoneNumber\022\035\n" +
      "\004type\030\001 \001(\0162\017.User.PhoneType\022\016\n\006number\030\002" +
      " \001(\t\"+\n\tPhoneType\022\n\n\006MOBILE\020\000\022\010\n\004HOME\020\001\022" +
      "\010\n\004WORK\020\002B*\n\022com.yyp.test.protoB\tUserPro" +
      "toP\000\210\001\000\240\001\001\330\001\001b\006proto3"
    };
    descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
        new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
        });
    internal_static_User_descriptor =
      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
    internal_static_User_fieldAccessorTable = new
      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
        internal_static_User_descriptor,
        new java.lang.String[] { "Id", "Name", "Email", "PhoneNumber", });
    internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_descriptor =
      internal_static_User_descriptor.getNestedTypes().get(0);
    internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_fieldAccessorTable = new
      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
        internal_static_User_PhoneNumber_descriptor,
        new java.lang.String[] { "Type", "Number", });
  }

  // @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
}


总结

https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/

Go微服务(二)——Protobuf详细入门-腾讯云开发者社区-腾讯云

版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
本文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/yangyanping20108/article/details/135114573

智能推荐

5个超厉害的资源搜索网站,每一款都可以让你的资源满满!_最全资源搜索引擎-程序员宅基地

文章浏览阅读1.6w次,点赞8次,收藏41次。生活中我们无时不刻不都要在网站搜索资源,但就是缺少一个趁手的资源搜索网站,如果有一个比较好的资源搜索网站可以帮助我们节省一大半时间!今天小编在这里为大家分享5款超厉害的资源搜索网站,每一款都可以让你的资源丰富精彩!网盘传奇一款最有效的网盘资源搜索网站你还在为找网站里面的资源而烦恼找不到什么合适的工具而烦恼吗?这款网站传奇网站汇聚了4853w个资源,并且它每一天都会持续更新资源;..._最全资源搜索引擎

Book类的设计(Java)_6-1 book类的设计java-程序员宅基地

文章浏览阅读4.5k次,点赞5次,收藏18次。阅读测试程序,设计一个Book类。函数接口定义:class Book{}该类有 四个私有属性 分别是 书籍名称、 价格、 作者、 出版年份,以及相应的set 与get方法;该类有一个含有四个参数的构造方法,这四个参数依次是 书籍名称、 价格、 作者、 出版年份 。裁判测试程序样例:import java.util.*;public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { List <Book>_6-1 book类的设计java

基于微信小程序的校园导航小程序设计与实现_校园导航微信小程序系统的设计与实现-程序员宅基地

文章浏览阅读613次,点赞28次,收藏27次。相比于以前的传统手工管理方式,智能化的管理方式可以大幅降低学校的运营人员成本,实现了校园导航的标准化、制度化、程序化的管理,有效地防止了校园导航的随意管理,提高了信息的处理速度和精确度,能够及时、准确地查询和修正建筑速看等信息。课题主要采用微信小程序、SpringBoot架构技术,前端以小程序页面呈现给学生,结合后台java语言使页面更加完善,后台使用MySQL数据库进行数据存储。微信小程序主要包括学生信息、校园简介、建筑速看、系统信息等功能,从而实现智能化的管理方式,提高工作效率。

有状态和无状态登录

传统上用户登陆状态会以 Session 的形式保存在服务器上,而 Session ID 则保存在前端的 Cookie 中;而使用 JWT 以后,用户的认证信息将会以 Token 的形式保存在前端,服务器不需要保存任何的用户状态,这也就是为什么 JWT 被称为无状态登陆的原因,无状态登陆最大的优势就是完美支持分布式部署,可以使用一个 Token 发送给不同的服务器,而所有的服务器都会返回同样的结果。有状态和无状态最大的区别就是服务端会不会保存客户端的信息。

九大角度全方位对比Android、iOS开发_ios 开发角度-程序员宅基地

文章浏览阅读784次。发表于10小时前| 2674次阅读| 来源TechCrunch| 19 条评论| 作者Jon EvansiOSAndroid应用开发产品编程语言JavaObjective-C摘要:即便Android市场份额已经超过80%,对于开发者来说,使用哪一个平台做开发仍然很难选择。本文从开发环境、配置、UX设计、语言、API、网络、分享、碎片化、发布等九个方面把Android和iOS_ios 开发角度

搜索引擎的发展历史

搜索引擎的发展历史可以追溯到20世纪90年代初,随着互联网的快速发展和信息量的急剧增加,人们开始感受到了获取和管理信息的挑战。这些阶段展示了搜索引擎在技术和商业模式上的不断演进,以满足用户对信息获取的不断增长的需求。

随便推点

控制对象的特性_控制对象特性-程序员宅基地

文章浏览阅读990次。对象特性是指控制对象的输出参数和输入参数之间的相互作用规律。放大系数K描述控制对象特性的静态特性参数。它的意义是:输出量的变化量和输入量的变化量之比。时间常数T当输入量发生变化后,所引起输出量变化的快慢。(动态参数) ..._控制对象特性

FRP搭建内网穿透(亲测有效)_locyanfrp-程序员宅基地

文章浏览阅读5.7w次,点赞50次,收藏276次。FRP搭建内网穿透1.概述:frp可以通过有公网IP的的服务器将内网的主机暴露给互联网,从而实现通过外网能直接访问到内网主机;frp有服务端和客户端,服务端需要装在有公网ip的服务器上,客户端装在内网主机上。2.简单的图解:3.准备工作:1.一个域名(www.test.xyz)2.一台有公网IP的服务器(阿里云、腾讯云等都行)3.一台内网主机4.下载frp,选择适合的版本下载解压如下:我这里服务器端和客户端都放在了/usr/local/frp/目录下4.执行命令# 服务器端给执_locyanfrp

UVA 12534 - Binary Matrix 2 (网络流‘最小费用最大流’ZKW)_uva12534-程序员宅基地

文章浏览阅读687次。题目:http://acm.hust.edu.cn/vjudge/contest/view.action?cid=93745#problem/A题意:给出r*c的01矩阵,可以翻转格子使得0表成1,1变成0,求出最小的步数使得每一行中1的个数相等,每一列中1的个数相等。思路:网络流。容量可以保证每一行和每一列的1的个数相等,费用可以算出最小步数。行向列建边,如果该格子是_uva12534

免费SSL证书_csdn alphassl免费申请-程序员宅基地

文章浏览阅读504次。1、Let's Encrypt 90天,支持泛域名2、Buypass:https://www.buypass.com/ssl/resources/go-ssl-technical-specification6个月,单域名3、AlwaysOnSLL:https://alwaysonssl.com/ 1年,单域名 可参考蜗牛(wn789)4、TrustAsia5、Alpha..._csdn alphassl免费申请

测试算法的性能(以选择排序为例)_算法性能测试-程序员宅基地

文章浏览阅读1.6k次。测试算法的性能 很多时候我们需要对算法的性能进行测试,最简单的方式是看算法在特定的数据集上的执行时间,简单的测试算法性能的函数实现见testSort()。【思想】:用clock_t计算某排序算法所需的时间,(endTime - startTime)/ CLOCKS_PER_SEC来表示执行了多少秒。【关于宏CLOCKS_PER_SEC】:以下摘自百度百科,“CLOCKS_PE_算法性能测试

Lane Detection_lanedetectionlite-程序员宅基地

文章浏览阅读1.2k次。fromhttps://towardsdatascience.com/finding-lane-lines-simple-pipeline-for-lane-detection-d02b62e7572bIdentifying lanes of the road is very common task that human driver performs. This is important ..._lanedetectionlite

推荐文章

热门文章

相关标签